![]() Read more about how to download the whole collection with 1 link: No. You can download the whole collection FAST with 1 Google Drive Link => Let's scroll down È and have a look of what books available! :) and many other Awards Winning Books & International Bestsellers on Business, Self-help, Science, History, Biography, Technology and so on. In this study I look globally at the different manifestations of magic in Manichaean communities from the earliest traces of evidence in late antique Egypt and Mesopotamia, to the last manifestations on the early Medieval Silk Road.The collection includes thousands of: - Amazon Bestsellers - New York Times Bestsellers - National Book Awards Winners - Pulitzer Prize Winners - Books of Nobel Laureates. This is in part because of the small corpus of Manichaean magical texts that survive and because of the formidable challenges that the material’s array of languages and cultural influences presents. While an impressive body of literature has accumulated around pagan, Jewish, and Christian magic in the antique Mediterranean and Mesopotamia, since 1947 only a handful of articles have been published dealing with Manichaean magic. Studies of magic in the Classical, Semitic, Iranian and South Asian cultural spheres have, to a large extent, ignored the parallel traditions of Manichaean magic that grew up alongside these more dominant traditions. ![]() The purpose of this study is to investigate the global phenomenon of Manichaean magical practice. Considerations of black (i.e., harmful) and white (i.e., beneficial) magic often depended entirely on who was the intended target, with magic directed against royalty punishable by death throughout antiquity, not necessarily because of the practice of magic per se, but because the practice was aimed at those in positions of power. Judgment of legitimacy was a matter of perspective, as practices considered "magical" by modern Western standards permeated ancient societies and had potential legitimacy according to accepted social norms. Even this general description poses certain difficulties and the broad nature of magic may necessitate dispensing with any universal definitions in favor of interpretations sensitive to their cultural and temporal contexts. In general, magic has been understood as the attempt to influence a course of events through intentional actions beyond direct physical cause, typically of a ritual nature, performed by gods, skilled practitioners, and laity alike. There is serious difficulty in defining the limits of what constitutes magical practice in the ancient world and the concept of magic had culturally specific interpretations that varied across time and place.
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